What does hypercalcemia refer to?

Hypercalcemia refers to higher than normal calcium levels in the blood. This condition can occur due to various underlying issues such as hyperparathyroidism, certain cancers, and vitamin D toxicity, among others. The effects of elevated calcium levels can be significant, including symptoms like excessive thirst, frequent urination, bone pain, and digestive issues. Recognizing hypercalcemia is crucial for veterinary professionals, as it indicates potential health complications that may require further diagnostic investigation and management.

The other options represent conditions related to calcium levels or other factors, which are not relevant to the definition of hypercalcemia itself. Lower than normal calcium levels would be termed hypocalcemia, while normal calcium levels are simply indicative of homeostasis. Lower than normal total proteins do not relate directly to calcium levels and fall outside the definition of hypercalcemia.