Which parameter is primarily assessed using a capnograph?

A capnograph is an essential tool in veterinary medicine that measures the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in respiratory gases. The primary parameter assessed using a capnograph is ventilation effectiveness. By measuring the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled, a capnograph provides valuable information about how well a patient is ventilating. This is particularly useful in cases of respiratory distress or during anesthesia, as it allows veterinary professionals to monitor and make adjustments to ventilation as necessary.

The readings from a capnograph can indicate whether a patient is hyperventilating or hypoventilating, guiding clinicians in the management of their patients' respiratory health. This real-time monitoring capability is crucial in ensuring the safety and well-being of animals, especially in critical situations.

In contrast, arterial blood gases provide a more comprehensive picture of both ventilation and other parameters like oxygenation and acid-base status, which goes beyond what a capnograph measures. Heart rate variability and electrolyte balance are unrelated to the direct assessment of ventilation effectiveness and do not pertain to the primary function of a capnograph.